Investing for Beginners: How to Start Building Wealth

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Quick Answer: Investing for Beginners

Investing for beginners in one paragraph: Investing is the process of putting money into assets — like stocks, bonds, or real estate — with the expectation that those assets will grow in value over time. For beginners, the most recommended starting point is a broad market index fund ETF held inside a tax-advantaged account (TFSA or RRSP in Canada; Roth IRA or 401(k) in the USA). Start with whatever you can afford, contribute consistently, and let compound growth do the heavy lifting over years and decades.

The single most important principle: Time in the market beats timing the market. Starting early with small amounts consistently outperforms starting later with large amounts.

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What Investing Actually Is

Investing is the act of allocating capital — money, time, or resources — into something with the expectation of generating a return or profit in the future. In personal finance, investing typically refers to purchasing financial assets: stocks, bonds, ETFs, mutual funds, real estate investment trusts (REITs), and other instruments traded on financial markets.

The fundamental purpose of investing is to grow wealth over time at a rate that exceeds inflation. Keeping money in a low-interest savings account may feel "safe," but if the interest rate is lower than inflation, you are effectively losing purchasing power every year.

The Core Logic of Investing

When you invest in a company by purchasing its stock, you are buying a small ownership stake in that business. As the company grows, earns profits, and becomes more valuable, the value of your stake increases. You may also receive dividends — a share of the company's profits paid out to shareholders.

When you invest in bonds, you are lending money to a government or corporation. They pay you interest (called the coupon rate) over a defined period, then return your principal when the bond matures. Bonds are generally less volatile than stocks but offer lower long-term returns.

When you invest in an index fund or ETF, you are buying a basket of assets — often hundreds or thousands of stocks or bonds — in a single transaction. This gives you instant diversification at minimal cost.

Investing vs. Speculating vs. Saving

These three activities are fundamentally different and are often confused:

Activity	Risk Level	Time Horizon	Goal
Saving	Very low	Short-term	Liquidity and capital preservation
Investing	Moderate	Long-term	Wealth growth above inflation
Speculating	High	Variable	High short-term gains

Saving is appropriate for emergency funds and short-term goals (under 3–5 years). Investing is appropriate for long-term goals (5+ years, often retirement). Speculating — day trading, meme stocks, cryptocurrency gambling — is not investing and carries substantially higher risk of total loss.

What Assets Can You Invest In?

The main investable asset classes available to individual investors include:

Equities (Stocks): Ownership stakes in publicly traded companies. Higher long-term return potential, higher short-term volatility.

Fixed Income (Bonds): Debt instruments issued by governments and corporations. Lower return potential, lower volatility. Often used as a portfolio stabilizer.

Real Estate: Physical property or REITs (Real Estate Investment Trusts). Can provide rental income and capital appreciation.

Cash Equivalents: Treasury bills, GICs (Guaranteed Investment Certificates), money market funds. Very low risk and return; useful for short-term capital preservation.

Commodities: Physical goods like gold, oil, or agricultural products. Used as inflation hedges and diversifiers.

Alternative Investments: Private equity, hedge funds, infrastructure, farmland. Generally available only to high-net-worth or institutional investors.

For beginners, the most accessible and evidence-backed starting point is a diversified portfolio of low-cost equity and bond index fund ETFs.

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Why Investing Matters More Than Ever

The Inflation Problem

Inflation is the slow erosion of your purchasing power over time. Canada and the United States both use 2% inflation targets as central monetary policy anchors (source: Bank of Canada and Federal Reserve). That means money sitting idle in a savings account earning 0.5% annually is effectively losing value every year.

If inflation runs at 3% and your savings account yields 0.5%, your real return is negative 2.5%. After 30 years, the purchasing power of $10,000 left in that account would be significantly diminished.

Diversified equities have historically delivered positive real returns over long periods, though the exact return depends heavily on market, timeframe, fees, and asset allocation (source: S&P Dow Jones Indices, NYU Stern historical returns, and Portfolio Visualizer) — far above inflation — though past performance does not guarantee future results.

The Pension Problem

In previous generations, workers in Canada and the United States could often rely on defined benefit pension plans — employer-funded pensions that guaranteed a fixed monthly income in retirement. Today, most workers have access only to defined contribution plans (like RRSPs, 401(k)s, or workplace group plans), which shift the investment risk and responsibility entirely onto the individual.

This fundamental shift means that building personal investment wealth is no longer optional for most people — it is a financial necessity for a secure retirement.

The Compound Growth Opportunity

Perhaps the most compelling reason to start investing early is compound growth. Albert Einstein is often (perhaps apocryphally) credited with calling compound interest "the eighth wonder of the world." Whether or not the quote is accurate, the math is not in dispute.

Compound growth means earning returns not just on your original investment, but on all the accumulated returns from previous periods. Over time, this creates exponential — rather than linear — wealth accumulation.

Example: The Power of Starting Early

Scenario	Monthly Contribution	Start Age	End Age	Assumed Annual Return	Approximate Balance at 65
Early Starter	$200	25	65	7%	~$527,000
Late Starter	$200	35	65	7%	~$243,000
Late Starter (catching up)	$400	35	65	7%	~$486,000

These are illustrative projections only. Actual returns will vary. Past performance does not guarantee future results.

The early starter contributes only twice as long but ends up with more than twice the wealth — and at double the contribution rate, the late starter still cannot fully close the gap. Time is the most powerful variable in investing.

Use the [BankDeMark Investment Calculator(/calculators/investment-calculator) to model your own compound growth projections.

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Stocks vs ETFs vs Index Funds: What Is the Difference?

One of the most common points of confusion for new investors is understanding the difference between individual stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and index funds. These terms are related but not interchangeable.

Individual Stocks

An individual stock represents a fractional ownership share in a single company. When you buy one share of a company, you are a part-owner of that business — entitled to a proportional share of its assets and earnings.

Advantages of individual stocks:

• Potential for outsized returns if you pick the right company
• Direct ownership of a business you understand and believe in
• Dividend income from profitable companies
• No management fees

Disadvantages of individual stocks:

• Concentrated risk — a single company's failure can wipe out your investment
• Requires significant research, time, and financial literacy
• Emotional difficulty of holding through downturns
• Many individual investors underperform the funds they own because of timing and behavior gaps (source: Morningstar Mind the Gap research)

For beginners, individual stock picking is generally not recommended as a primary strategy. The research burden is high, and the evidence suggests most retail investors achieve better outcomes with diversified index strategies.

Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs)

An ETF is a basket of securities — stocks, bonds, commodities, or a mix — that trades on a stock exchange just like an individual stock. You can buy and sell ETFs throughout the trading day at market prices.

ETFs can track anything: a specific index, a sector, a country, a commodity, or a custom strategy. Not all ETFs are index funds — there are actively managed ETFs as well.

Advantages of ETFs:

• Instant diversification across dozens to thousands of holdings
• Low cost (especially index ETFs, which often have MERs under 0.20%)
• Trades like a stock — easy to buy and sell
• Transparent — holdings are disclosed daily
• Tax efficient in taxable accounts

Disadvantages of ETFs:

• You pay a brokerage commission on each trade (though many platforms now offer commission-free ETF trading)
• Bid-ask spreads add a small cost
• The variety of ETFs can be overwhelming — not all are created equal

Index Funds

An index fund is any investment fund — mutual fund or ETF — that tracks a market index. The most famous index is the S&P 500, which tracks the 500 largest publicly traded companies in the United States.

Rather than having a fund manager pick and choose investments, an index fund simply mirrors the composition of the index it tracks. This passive management approach results in significantly lower fees and, over the long term, competitive performance versus many actively managed funds over long horizons, largely because lower fees create a structural advantage (source: SPIVA scorecards).

Key insight: Most index funds today are structured as ETFs. When people say "invest in an index fund," they usually mean "buy an index-tracking ETF."

The Comparison at a Glance

Feature	Individual Stocks	ETFs	Index Funds (ETFs)
Diversification	None (one company)	Moderate to high	High
Management fees	None	Low to moderate	Very low (often 0.03–0.25%)
Research required	High	Low	Very low
Complexity	High	Low to moderate	Low
Recommended for beginners?	Generally no	Yes	Yes
Trading flexibility	High	High	High
Historical long-term performance	Variable	Variable	Competitive

For beginners, index ETFs are generally the recommended starting point — they provide broad market exposure, require minimal decision-making, carry very low fees, and have a strong long-term track record.

Explore more in BankDeMark's [Investing Pillar(/pillars/investing) for deeper coverage of investment types and strategies.

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How Much Money Do You Need to Start Investing?

The Short Answer: Less Than You Think

One of the most persistent myths in personal finance is that you need a significant amount of money to start investing. Modern brokerage platforms have largely eliminated minimum investment requirements, making it possible to begin with as little as $1 in many cases.

That said, there are practical thresholds worth understanding:

Practical Starting Points

$0–$50: You can open an account and begin investing in fractional shares or micro-investing apps. The investment itself may be small, but establishing the habit and learning the mechanics of the platform is valuable.

$100–$500: Enough to build a meaningful position in a broad market ETF. This is a solid starting point for most beginners. At this range, you can begin understanding how your investments move with the market.

$1,000+: A more comfortable starting point that allows you to diversify across two or three ETFs (e.g., a Canadian equity ETF, a global equity ETF, and a bond ETF) without trading costs eating significantly into your returns.

$5,000+: At this level, you have the flexibility to build a reasonably diversified portfolio across multiple asset classes and geographies.

Before You Invest: Financial Readiness Checklist

Investing is not appropriate for everyone at all times. Before investing, confirm you have:

• [ An emergency fund covering 3–6 months of living expenses (in a liquid savings account)
• [ No high-interest debt (credit card debt at 19%+ should be paid off before investing)
• [ A stable income or reliable cash flow
• [ A clear understanding that invested money may lose value in the short term
• [ A time horizon of at least 5 years for the funds you plan to invest
• [ A basic tax understanding relevant to your account type (TFSA, RRSP, Roth IRA, 401k)

If high-interest debt exists, paying it off first is mathematically superior to investing, since no investment strategy reliably beats a guaranteed 20%+ return from eliminating a high-interest debt.

Use the [BankDeMark Compound Interest Calculator(/calculators/compound-interest-calculator) to understand how your contributions could grow over time.

The Minimum Investment by Account Type

Account Type	Minimum to Open	Minimum Per Trade
Most online brokerages (Canada/USA)	$0	$0 (fractional shares) or price of 1 share
Robo-advisors (e.g., Wealthsimple, Betterment)	$0–$1	$1
Traditional bank mutual funds	$500–$1,000	Varies
TFSA / RRSP / Roth IRA	$0 (contribution room applies)	Depends on platform

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The Best Beginner Investing Strategy

The Core Principle: Simplicity Wins

Retail investor behavior research consistently shows that complexity, timing, and emotional trading can damage realized returns (source: Morningstar Mind the Gap and Vanguard investor behavior research). Sophisticated, complex strategies sound appealing but introduce more opportunities for behavioral errors, higher costs, and poor timing decisions.

The best beginner investing strategy can be described in four steps:

Step 1: Open a Tax-Advantaged Account

In Canada: Open a TFSA (Tax-Free Savings Account) first. Contributions are not tax-deductible, but all growth and withdrawals are completely tax-free. Every Canadian resident 18+ has annual contribution room (currently $7,000 per year as of 2026 (source: CRA TFSA dollar limit guidance)). Once you maximize your TFSA, open an RRSP for additional tax-sheltered growth.

In the USA: Open a Roth IRA first if you are in a lower tax bracket. Contributions are made with after-tax dollars, but all growth and qualified withdrawals are tax-free.. If your employer offers a 401(k) with a match, contribute at least enough to capture the full match first — it is an immediate, guaranteed 50–100% return.

See the [BankDeMark TFSA Calculator(/calculators/tfsa-calculator) and [RRSP Calculator(/calculators/rrsp-calculator) to estimate your registered account growth.

Step 2: Choose a Brokerage or Platform

Look for a platform with:

• Commission-free ETF trading
• No account minimums
• Access to broad market index ETFs
• Good user experience (especially for first-time investors)
• Strong regulatory standing (CIPF-insured in Canada; SIPC-insured in the USA)

Note: BankDeMark does not endorse specific brokerages. Evaluate platforms based on your own needs and consult current reviews before opening an account.

Step 3: Choose Your Core Investments

For most beginners, a one-fund or two-fund portfolio is sufficient:

One-Fund Option (Canada): A single asset allocation ETF — such as a fund that holds 80% global equities and 20% bonds — handles rebalancing automatically. These "all-in-one" ETFs are available from major Canadian fund providers and charge very low fees.

One-Fund Option (USA): A total market index fund or a target-date fund available through your brokerage. Target-date funds automatically shift from stocks to bonds as you approach retirement.

Two-Fund Option: A global equity ETF (for growth) plus a bond ETF (for stability). A common starting allocation for younger investors: 80–90% equities, 10–20% bonds.

Step 4: Contribute Consistently (Dollar-Cost Averaging)

Dollar-cost averaging (DCA) means investing a fixed dollar amount at regular intervals — weekly, bi-weekly, or monthly — regardless of what the market is doing. This removes the psychological pressure of trying to "buy at the right time."

Why DCA works:

• You buy more shares when prices are low, fewer when prices are high
• Removes emotional decision-making from the process
• Builds the investment habit through automation
• Consistent contributors reduce timing risk and avoid the behavioral trap of waiting for perfect market conditions (source: Vanguard and Morningstar investor behavior research)

Set up automatic contributions from your bank account to your brokerage on payday. Automate it and ignore short-term market noise.

The Beginner Portfolio Framework

Investor Profile	Equity %	Bond %	Example Structure
Aggressive (20s–30s, long horizon)	90–100%	0–10%	Global equity ETF only
Moderate (30s–40s, medium horizon)	70–80%	20–30%	Equity ETF + Bond ETF
Conservative (50s+, near retirement)	50–60%	40–50%	Balanced allocation
Capital preservation (5-year or less)	0–30%	70–100%	Bond ETF + Cash equivalents

These are illustrative frameworks only, not personalized investment advice.

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Common Mistakes Beginners Make

Understanding what not to do is as important as knowing what to do. The following mistakes are the most common — and most costly — errors new investors make.

Mistake 1: Trying to Time the Market

Market timing means attempting to buy when prices are low and sell when prices are high. In theory, it sounds rational. In practice, even professional fund managers with armies of analysts often fail to outperform simple benchmark exposure after costs over long periods (source: SPIVA scorecards).

For individual investors without institutional resources, trying to time the market almost always results in buying high (when optimism is peak), selling low (when fear sets in), and earning worse returns than a simple buy-and-hold index strategy.

The fix: Automate contributions and ignore daily market moves.

Mistake 2: Panic-Selling During Market Downturns

Markets experience significant downturns regularly. Corrections, bear markets, and severe crashes are normal parts of long-term equity investing, although their timing and severity vary widely (source: S&P Dow Jones Indices and historical market drawdown datasets). Every one of these downturns has been followed by a market recovery that reached new all-time highs — eventually.

Panic-selling turns a paper loss into a permanent, realized loss. The investors who stay invested through downturns consistently outperform those who sell and wait for conditions to "improve."

The fix: Never invest money you might need within the next 5 years. Maintain an emergency fund so you are never forced to sell investments during a downturn.

Mistake 3: Chasing Past Performance

A fund that returned 35% last year seems more attractive than one that returned 8%. But past performance does not predict future results — performance persistence is weak across many fund categories (source: SPIVA persistence scorecards). Last year's top performer is often next year's underperformer due to mean reversion.

The fix: Choose investments based on their underlying index, fee structure, and diversification — not their recent performance.

Mistake 4: Paying High Fees

Investment fees compound just like investment returns — but in the opposite direction. A fund with a 2% annual management fee versus one at 0.10% may seem like a small difference. Over 30 years, that 1.9% annual difference can consume a significant portion of your total portfolio value. This is direct compound math: fees compound against the investor every year.

The fix: Prioritize low-cost index ETFs with MERs (Management Expense Ratios) under 0.25% whenever possible.

Mistake 5: Investing Without an Emergency Fund

Investing money that you may need in 6 months creates a dangerous scenario: if an emergency occurs and the market happens to be down, you are forced to sell at a loss. This is not bad luck — it is preventable poor planning.

The fix: Before investing, build 3–6 months of essential living expenses in a liquid, accessible savings account.

Mistake 6: Failing to Diversify

Concentrating your portfolio in a single stock, sector, or country is one of the most common ways investors suffer major, permanent losses. When a single company fails, a concentrated investor can lose everything. A diversified investor loses a fraction of a percent.

The fix: Own broad market index ETFs that hold hundreds or thousands of companies across multiple countries and sectors.

Mistake 7: Investing Based on Tips or Media Hype

Financial media, social media, and "hot tips" from friends and family are among the worst sources of investment decision-making. By the time a stock appears on the news or trends on social media, sophisticated investors have already priced in the information.

The fix: Build a rules-based investment strategy that you follow consistently, regardless of what the news says.

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Best Accounts to Use for Investing

The account you hold your investments in matters enormously. Tax-advantaged accounts can significantly accelerate wealth accumulation by sheltering investment growth from annual taxation.

Canada: Best Investing Accounts

TFSA (Tax-Free Savings Account)

• All investment growth, dividends, and capital gains within the TFSA are completely tax-free
• Withdrawals can be made at any time for any purpose without tax consequences
• Withdrawals add back to your contribution room the following calendar year
• Cumulative TFSA contribution room depends on eligibility history; verify the current total with the CRA
• Best for: Any long-term investment goal — retirement, home purchase, general wealth building

RRSP (Registered Retirement Savings Plan)

• Contributions are tax-deductible (reduce your taxable income in the year of contribution)
• Growth inside the RRSP is tax-deferred — you pay tax when you withdraw, typically in retirement when you are in a lower tax bracket
• Contribution room is based on earned income and annual CRA limits; verify current RRSP rules with the CRA
• Best for: Retirement savings, especially for high-income earners who benefit most from the tax deduction

FHSA (First Home Savings Account) (Canada only)

• Available to first-time home buyers
• Contributions are tax-deductible like an RRSP
• Qualifying withdrawals for a first home purchase are tax-free like a TFSA
• Best for: Canadians saving for their first home

Non-Registered Account

• No contribution limits
• Investment growth (dividends, interest, capital gains) is taxable annually or upon sale
• Most tax-efficient to hold for capital gains and Canadian dividends (eligible for dividend tax credit and capital gains inclusion rate)
• Best for: Investing beyond registered account limits

Use the [BankDeMark TFSA Calculator(/calculators/tfsa-calculator) or [RRSP Calculator(/calculators/rrsp-calculator) to project your registered account growth.

USA: Best Investing Accounts

Roth IRA

• Contributions made with after-tax dollars; growth and qualified withdrawals are 100% tax-free
• Verify current IRA contribution limits directly with the IRS
• Income limits apply for direct Roth IRA contributions
• Best for: Younger investors, those expecting to be in a higher tax bracket in retirement

Traditional IRA

• Contributions may be tax-deductible depending on income and workplace plan coverage
• Growth is tax-deferred; withdrawals in retirement are taxed as ordinary income
• Same contribution limits as Roth IRA
• Best for: Those who expect to be in a lower tax bracket in retirement or who need current-year deductions

401(k) / 403(b)

• Employer-sponsored retirement plans
• Pre-tax contributions reduce current taxable income
• Many employers offer matching contributions — always contribute at least enough to capture the full match
• Verify current 401(k) employee contribution limits directly with the IRS
• Best for: Primary retirement vehicle when employer match is available

529 Plan

• Tax-advantaged account specifically for education savings
• Withdrawals for qualified education expenses are tax-free
• Best for: Parents saving for children's education

Account Priority Framework

Canada: FHSA (if first home buying) → TFSA → RRSP → Non-Registered

USA: 401(k) to match → Roth IRA → 401(k) to max → Taxable brokerage

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30/60/90-Day Investing Action Plan

This framework is educational and does not constitute personalized financial advice. Individual circumstances vary.

Days 1–30: Foundation

Week 1: Education

• [ Read this guide and the BankDeMark [Investing Pillar(/pillars/investing) overview
• [ Use the [Investment Calculator(/calculators/investment-calculator) to project your potential growth
• [ Calculate your monthly cash flow: income minus expenses minus emergency fund contributions
• [ Determine how much you can realistically invest each month

Week 2: Emergency Fund Check

• [ Confirm you have 3–6 months of living expenses in a liquid savings account
• [ If not, redirect this month's "investing budget" to building the emergency fund first
• [ Understand that delaying investing to build an emergency fund is a good financial decision

Week 3: Account Research

• [ Research TFSA vs RRSP suitability for your income level (Canada) OR Roth IRA vs 401(k) (USA)
• [ Compare brokerage platforms based on fees, minimums, and ETF availability
• [ Do not open an account yet — research first

Week 4: Decision and Account Opening

• [ Select your platform based on research
• [ Open your TFSA/RRSP (Canada) or Roth IRA (USA)
• [ Link your bank account
• [ Do not invest yet — just set up the account

Days 31–60: First Investments

Week 5–6: Investment Selection

• [ Decide on a one-fund (all-in-one ETF) or two-fund strategy
• [ Review the MER (Management Expense Ratio) of your chosen ETF(s) — target under 0.25%
• [ Understand the geographic and sector breakdown of your chosen fund
• [ Confirm the fund is listed on a major exchange and has strong liquidity

Week 7–8: Make Your First Investment

• [ Fund your account with your initial contribution
• [ Place your first ETF purchase
• [ Set up automatic monthly contributions to arrive 1–2 days after payday
• [ Write down your investment thesis: what you own, why you own it, and your time horizon

Days 61–90: Systems and Discipline

Week 9–10: Monitor Without Obsessing

• [ Check your portfolio no more than once per month
• [ Review the [Compound Interest Calculator(/calculators/compound-interest-calculator) to see how your balance projects forward
• [ Resist the urge to react to market news

Week 11–12: Review and Adjust

• [ Review your contribution amount — can it be increased?
• [ Confirm your automatic contributions are running
• [ Read one book or long-form resource about long-term investing (e.g., Bogle's The Little Book of Common Sense Investing)
• [ Set a calendar reminder to review your portfolio allocation every 6–12 months (no more frequently)

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FAQ: Investing for Beginners

Q: How much money do I need to start investing? You can start with as little as $1 on many modern brokerage platforms. Practically speaking, $500–$1,000 gives you enough to build a meaningful first position without transaction costs eroding your returns. The most important factor is not the amount — it is starting.

Q: What should a beginner invest in first? Most financial educators recommend a broad market index fund ETF as the first investment. These funds hold hundreds or thousands of companies, charge very low fees, and have delivered competitive long-term returns without requiring stock-picking expertise. All-in-one asset allocation ETFs (available in Canada) simplify this further to a single holding.

Q: Is investing risky for beginners? All investing involves risk. The stock market has experienced significant downturns throughout history. However, for a long-term investor (10+ year horizon) using diversified index funds and maintaining an emergency fund, historical long-term outcomes have generally improved as holding periods lengthen (source: S&P Dow Jones Indices and historical return datasets). Short-term volatility is the price of long-term returns.

Q: What is the difference between saving and investing? Saving means keeping money in low-risk, highly liquid accounts. The returns are low but capital is preserved. Investing means putting capital into assets expected to grow over time — with more risk and less liquidity. Saving is for short-term needs and emergencies; investing is for long-term wealth building.

Q: What accounts should Canadian beginners use? Start with a TFSA for tax-free growth. Once you maximize your TFSA, contribute to an RRSP for tax-deferred retirement savings. If you are saving for a first home, an FHSA offers both a tax deduction and tax-free withdrawals.

Q: What accounts should American beginners use? Start by contributing to a 401(k) to capture any employer match — it is an immediate guaranteed return. Then open a Roth IRA for tax-free long-term growth. If you have additional capacity, continue maxing out the 401(k) before moving to a taxable brokerage account.

Q: How long does it take to see results from investing? In the short term (months to a few years), your portfolio may fluctuate significantly with market conditions. The real power of investing becomes visible over 10, 20, and 30-year horizons when compound growth accelerates. Patience is the most underrated investing skill.

Q: What are the biggest beginner investing mistakes? The most common and costly mistakes include: trying to time the market, panic-selling during downturns, chasing past performance, paying high management fees, investing without an emergency fund, and concentrating investments in too few companies or sectors.

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Internal Links

• [BankDeMark Investing Pillar(/pillars/investing)
• [Investment Calculator(/calculators/investment-calculator)
• [Compound Interest Calculator(/calculators/compound-interest-calculator)
• [Retirement Calculator(/calculators/retirement-calculator)
• [TFSA Calculator(/calculators/tfsa-calculator)
• [RRSP Calculator(/calculators/rrsp-calculator)
• [FIRE Calculator(/calculators/fire-calculator)
• [Net Worth Calculator(/calculators/net-worth-calculator)

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Disclaimer

This content is educational only and is not personalized financial, investment, tax, legal, or credit advice. Investment involves risk including the possible loss of principal. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Consult a qualified financial advisor before making investment decisions. Tax rules and contribution limits referenced in this article reflect information available at time of publication and may change. Always verify current rules with the CRA (Canada) or IRS (USA).

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Published by BankDeMark | Finance Intelligence Platform Pillar: [Investing(/pillars/investing)